Dian Kusuma Wardhani, Antariksa, Nanda Indira Sari
Department of Regional and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
This paper studied the Chinese ancient buildings degradation post-earthquake and tsunami and determined the direction of preservation as an effort to protect the cultural heritage of building and environment. The methodology consisted Crosstab Chi-square Analysis using the concept of Good City Form. Result was used in term of preserving Peunayong as cultural heritage district of Aceh.
Key Words: earthquake and tsunami, the ancient building, preservation, Chinatown.
Dian Kusuma Wardhani, Antariksa & Nanda Indira Sari. 2011. Peunayong Chinetown Banda Aceh Post-Earthquake and Tsunami as Cultural Heritage District. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 1 (4): 275-282. ISSN 2090-424X.
Karakter dari suatu susku dapat dilihat dari tradisi dan budaya yang terbentuk dalam suatu permukiman dan masih menjaga local wisdom mereka. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari permukiman tradisional Suku Sasak di Dusun Limbungan Kabupaten Lombok Timur, yang menjaga rumah adat mereka dari segala perubahan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik non fisik sosial budaya masyarakat Dusun Limbungan, dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik fisik pola tata ruang permukiman yang terbentuk, menganalisis pola tata ruang permukiman tradisional yang terbentuk akibat pengaruh fisik dan non fisiknya, dan kearifan lokalnya, serta menentukan arahan pelestarian bagi permukiman tradisional Limbungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah diskriptif-evaluatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa konsep keruangan makro yang terbentuk dari tatanan fisik lingkungan hunian memperlihatkan adanya pembagian ruang permukiman berdasarkan guna lahan, yaitu tempat hunian di bagian tengah, dan lahan pertanian di bagian luar area permukiman. Dari hasil struktur ruang permukiman tradisional Suku Sasak Limbungan terbentuk berdasarkan konsep filosofi, yaitu konsep arah sinar mata hari, konsep terhadap Gunung Rinjani, konsep pembangunan rumah dan elemennya secara berderet dan tanah berundak-undak, dan konsep bentuk rumah yang seragam terdiri dari rumah yang berjajar (suteran). Penempatan elemen rumah (bale) berupa panteq memiliki posisi saling berhadapan dengan bale. Pola pengembangan tata ruang masyarakat Sasak di Dusun Limbungan berorientasi pada nilai kosmologi berdasarkan sistem kepercayaan dan tradisi-tradisi masyarakat yang berbasis budaya sehingga menghasilkan ruang-ruang khusus. Kata kunci: tata ruang, permukiman tradisional Sasak Limbungan, sosial budaya, pelestarian
Abstract
The characteristic of an ethnic group area able to be seen from the tradition and the culture that are formed in a settlement and still guard local their domestic tourist. This can be seen from the traditional settlement of the Sasak ethnic group in Limbungan village at east Lombok regency that is one responsibility at their traditional house from all changes. The aim of this research is to identify non physical of social culture characteristic of Limbungan village community, and to identify the physical characteristic of the lay out pattern of settlement that formed cause of a physical and non physical influences, and local wisdom, as well as to conclude the conservation way for the traditional Limbungan settlement. The method used in this study is descriptive-evaluative. The study shows that the spatial concept of macro space which formed from physical settlement pattern show a division of settlement space based on land use, and the settlement area is located in the middle, and farming area placed in the outside of the settlement area. From the space structure of traditional settlement of Sasak Limbungan ethnic is formed based on philosophy concept, is the concept of direction of the sun rays, the concept of Rinjani Mountain, the concept of built house and their elements in a lined-up manner and land terrace, and the concept formed house which uniform consists of lined-up house (suteran). The placed of the housing elements (bale) are form of panteq have position face each other with bale. The development pattern of spatial space of Sasak community in Limbungan village is oriented to cosmological value based on believe system and community tradition which cultural base with the result that produce special spaces. Key words: spatial pattern, traditional settlement Sasak Limbungan, social culture, conservation
Rina Sabrina, Antariksa & Gunawan Prayitno, 2009. Pola Permukiman Tradisional Suku Sasak Dusun Limbungan Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jurnal Tata Kota & Daerah. Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota. Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni, hlm 69-80. ISSN: 2085-434X.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan kualitas lingkungan dan bangunan kuno, menentukan faftor-faktor penyebab terjadinya penurunan kualitas lingkungan dan bangunan kuno, serta menentukan arahan pelestarian dalam melindungi lingkungan dan bangunan kuno. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode diskriptif, evaluatif, dan developmen. Hasil studi tingkat kualitas lingkungan di Kawasan Pekojan menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas, yaitu pada aspek kemudahan aksesibilitas, kesehatan, keamanan dan keselamatan, serta keromantisan. Penurunan kualitas juga terjadi pada bangunan kuno yang masih bertahan di Kawasan Pekojan. Terdapat bangunan kuno yang memilki tingkat kerusakan kecil sebanyak 11 bangunan (16%), kerusakan sedang sebanyak 55 bangunan (78%), dan kerusakan besar sebanyak 4 bangunan (6%). Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas lingkungan di Kawasan Pekojan adalah faktor kurangnya peran aktif masyarakat dan faktor pergeseran fungsi kawasan. Adapun faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya penurunan kualitas bangunan kuno yang paling utama adalah kurangnya dana yang dimiliki pemerintah, faktor pergantian kepemilikan, dan faktor kurangnya perawatan pada bangunan kuno. Arahan pelestarian lingkungan di Kawasan Pekojan terbagi menjadi tiga jenis tindakan, yaitu tindakan preservasi (lingkungan I), konservasi (lingkungan II), dan rehabilitasi atau gentrifikasi (Lingkungan III). Adapun tindakan pelestarian bangunan kuno di Kawasan Pekojan terbagi menjadi tindakan preservasi (8 bangunan), konservasi (54 bangunan), dan rehabilitasi atau restorasi (8 bangunan).
Kata kunci: Pelestarian, faktor-faktor penurunan kualitas lingkungan, bangunan kuno
Abstract
The aims of this study are to identify the character and quality of ancient environment and building, analyze and determine the factors caused degradation of ancient environment and building quality, and determine the act of ancient environment and building protection. The method used in this study are descriptive, evaluative, and development. The results of this study shows that the degradation of environment quality occur in four aspects, there are accessibility reach out, healthy, safety, and romantically. The degradation of quality occurs at the ancient building too. There are 11 buildings with little damaged (16%), 55 buildings with moderate damaged (78%), and 4 buildings with great damaged (6%). The factors that caused degradation of environment quality are less society involved in conservation and fricative environment function. The factors that caused the degradation of ancient building are less government fund, change of owner, and less treatment at the building. The act to protect the ancient environment is differences in three steps, there are preservation, conservation, and rehabilitation or gentrification. The act to protect the ancient building are preservation (8 buildings), conservation (54 buildings), and rehabilitation or restoration (8 buildings).
Key words: conservation, factors degradation of environment quality, ancient building
Ari Suprihatin, Antariksa, Fadly Usman & Christia Meidiana, 2009. Pelestarian Lingkungan dan Bangunan Kuno di Kawasan Pekojan Jakarta. Jurnal Tata Kota & Daerah. Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota. Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya. Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni, hlm 1-12. ISSN: 2085-434X.
