Tuesday, July 24, 2007

Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Early Modern Age (1) Typical Reconstruction Plans

ANTARIKSA and Susumu HYUGA


Résumé
In the early part of the modern age, during Keichô 1 (1596)~Enpô 9 (1681) the number of Rinzai zen sect tacchûs (memorial cloisters) in Kyôto increased. The sanctuary and veranda of several memorial cloisters were reformed. For example, the front side remodeled to accommodate placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder. In such case, the rear of the sanctuary expanded out, the front side extended out, and the composition of innermost sanctuary was also changed. Other changes are also seen, for example, the floors of veranda surrounding the building changed from wooden floor boards to tatami mats.
On the basis of reconstruction, this study will attempt to clarify the development and changes in the typical plans of memorial cloisters, during the early part of modern age. This study was based on material collected in Kyôtofu no kinsei shaji kenchiku kinkyû chôsa hôkokusho (Surveyed reports of the modern ages temples and shrines in Kyôto prefecture), Jûyô bunkazai shuri kôji hôkokusho (Repairing and reconstruction reports of the important cultural properties), Tôfuku-ji mishitei shuyô kenzôbutsu chôsa hôkokusho (Surveyed reports of Tôfuku-ji memorial cliosters, as designated by the Ministry of Education), other historical records and field research. From these reference more than 38 temples of the early modern age built around Keichô 1 (1596)~Enpô 9 (1681) were selected. From these, it is possible to deduce the reasons for change and trace the development of plans.
Based on reconstruction plans of several memorial cloisters that were built in the early part of the modern age, it is clear that the basic composition of sanctuaries in the early modern age were similar to the late medieval age sanctuary. The composition of the innermost sanctuary consists of shinzen (front of the Buddhist altar), butsudan (Buddhist altar) and minzô (sleeping chamber). Later, the composition changed to accommodate placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder and the ihaidan (the altar to lay the ancestral tablets of the parishioners) set. The preference for a reformed sanctuary increased greatly from the early modern age, around Keichô 1 (1596) up to the mid-early modern age, around Syôhô 5 (1648). Therefore, all memorial cloisters which had been built in the late medieval and early modern ages were reformed at the sanctuary in accordance with the preferences of their contemporaries.
Changes and development of the veranda of some memorial cloisters were also carried out in the early modern age. The employment of a 1 ken wide-veranda that was placed on the left and right sides rather than at the rear of the building appeared from the early modern age. With remodeling in the mid-modern age, the width of that veranda became 1.5 ken. Furthermore, most of the saya no ma were remnants of the wide-veranda. The original floor of wooden boards was changed later to tatami mats. The reason for the change was to have the veranda function as a rest room during religious services. Based on the arrangement of veranda, it is evident that the wide-veranda that was placed at left or right sides of the building is related to the genkan (main entrance) and the kuri (temple kitchen). This veranda has a specific circulation function.


Antariksa and Susumu Hyuga, 1995, Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Early Modern Age (1) –Typical Reconstruction Plans–. Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering and Design Kyôto Institute of Technology, Vol. 43 (March). pp. 121-140. (in Japanese).

STUDY OF THE HONDÔ (KYAKUDEN, HÔJÔ) OF RINZAI ZEN SECT BUDDHIST TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE MID-MODERN AGE Typical reconstruction plans

Antariksa*


This study intends to clarify the development and change of types of plans, during the mid-modern age (Genroku 6 [1693]~Kansei 9 [1797]), according to reconstruction plans. From these, it is possible to dedicate the reason for changes and trace the development of the plans. In the mid-modern age, the plans of most memorial cloisters have similar development patterns to those of the early modern age (Keichô 1 [1596]~Enpô 9 [1681]). For instance, part of veranda, on three side of the building, was renovated and changed to saya no ma. The employment of 1.5 ken veranda also appeared on the left, right and front side of the building. Moreover, at some memorial cloisters, in order to have place for the carved statue of the cloister founder, the front of the sanctuary was reformed.

Keywords: Mid-modern age, Rinzai Zen sect, reconstruction, development and changes, plan, memorial cloisters

* Graduate Student, Graduate School of Architecture and Design, Kyôto Institute of Technology, M.Eng.

Antariksa, 1996, Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Mid-Modern Age (2) –Typical Reconstruction Plans– Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 484., June, pp. 239-249. ISSN: 1340-4210.

STUDY OF THE HONDÔ (KYAKUDEN, HÔJÔ) OF RINZAI ZEN SECT BUDDHIST TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE LATE MODERN AGE Typical reconstruction plans

Antariksa*

This study will attempt to clarify the development and changes of types of plans on the resultant reconstruction. From these, it is possible to deduce the reasons for changes and trace the development of the plans. Most of the memorial cloisters built in the late modern age, from Bunka 4 [1807] to Kaei 7 [1854], show the same development of sanctuaries and verandas as those of the mid-modern age (Genroku 6 [1693]~Kansei 9 [1797]). For example, the floors of veranda on three sides of some buildings were changed from wooden boards to tatami mats, transforming the function of veranda to that of saya no ma. The employment of 1.5 ken veranda on the left and right sides of the building is also seen. In other cases, the front of the innermost sanctuary of some memorial cloisters were remodeled for placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder. Also in this period, some memorial cloisters had the rear of the sanctuary expanded out.


* Graduate Student, Graduate School of Architecture and Design, Kyôto Institute of Technology, M.Eng.

Antariksa, 1996, Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Late Modern Age (3) –Typical Reconstruction Plans–. Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 485., July, pp. 237-248. ISSN: 1340-4210.

KOMPLEKS RATU BOKO, BUKAN CANDI? Penelusuran Fungsi Bangunan Situs Ratu Boko

Hari paraton*, Galih W. Pangarsa** dan Antariksa***


ABSTRAK

Studi ini bermaksud mencari persamaan dan perbedaan antara Situs Ratu Boko dengan candi. Sampai sekarang belum dapat dipastikan apakah situs tersebut merupakan candi, kraton,benteng, vihara, atau bangunan yang lain. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tata ruang, tata letak dan orientasi; kaki, tubuh dan atap; ornamen serta struktur bangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Situs Ratu Boko tidak mempunyai kesamaan dengan candi-candi Jawa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ratu Boko bukan candi.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to find out the similarities and differences between Ratu Boko Sites and temple. Until now, we can’t make sure yet whether Ratu Boko Sites is temple, palace, bastion, “vihara” or other building. The variables that is used in this research are ground plan, land use, and view. The results of research refer that Ratu Boko Sites haven’t any similarity with Javanese temple. In conclusion, its seems to us that Ratu Boko could not be identified as a temple.


* Hari Paraton, Alumni Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
** Dr. Ir. Galih W. Pangarsa, DEA., Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
*** Ir. Antariksa, Meng., PhD., Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


Hari Paraton, Galih W. Pangarsa, Antariksa, 1997, Kompleks Ratu Boko, Bukan Candi? Penelusuran Fungsi Bangunan Situs Ratu Boko, JURNAL TEKNIK, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume IV No.9, Desember. hal. 23-28. ISSN: 1410-4121.

PENELUSURAN PERKEMBANGAN TIPOLOGIS ARSITEKTUR PERUMAHAN PERDESAAN TROWULAN

Ema Yunita*, Galih W. Pangarsa**, Antariksa***


ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal perkembangan tipologis arsitektur perumahan perdesaan Trowulan di Mojokerto. Dengan mengambil sampel rumah menurut tahun pendiriannya dan acuan awal perumahan masa Majapahit, diharapkan akan diperoleh karakter khas perumahan perdesaan Trowulan yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut di kemudian hari. Fokus studi diarahakan untuk mengenali karakter dasar yang diamati dari tata ruang luar, tata ruang dalam, dan pola fisik bangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola fisik bangunan adalah unsur yang paling banyak berubah, tetapi secara prinsip tata ruang luar dan tata ruang dalam tidak banyak berubah.


ABSTRACT

This research is done in order to recognize the typological development of the rural housing architecture in Trowulan Mojokerto. Through taking some sample of houses based on its period and refering to the design of the Majapahit housing architecture, this study has been focused to recognize the basic characters of rural housing architecture in Trowulan i.e. land use, ground plan, the physical building design, the structure and its elements. The result refers that there are more change and variety on the physical buyilding design than on the spatial pattern.


* Ema Yunita, Alumni Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
** Dr. Ir. Galih W. Pangarsa, DEA., Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
*** Ir. Antariksa, Meng., PhD., Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


Ema Yunita, Galih W. Pangarsa, Antariksa, 1998, Penelusuran Perkembangan Tipologis Arsitektur Perumahan Perdesaan Trowulan, JURNAL TEKNIK, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume V No.2, Agustus, hal. 11-26. . ISSN: 1410-4121.

Student Participation in Architectural Conservation: Using Educational Processes to Understand Cultural Heritage

Antariksa



Abstract
Student are taught to be ‘numerate’ and ‘literate’ and the read books on conservation: but they are not taught to understand that which they see.
Given this fact, this study, which is intended as an introduction to sources on the history of architectural conservation, has been found to be highly useful in both establishing terminology and discussing the concepts and ethics of conservation. It focuses on the problem of education programs for students andincludes a series of lectures on conserving monuments or sites, local government policies, and cultural properties’ regulations within specific cases. The students work in historic sites, choosing specific cases or monuments, compiling the data and analysing to find the solution, finishing by making a report.
When visual appreciation and first hand experience play a decisive role in education, it is essential to keep alive the evidence of different periods and what was achieved within them. The survival of this evidence will be assured only if the need to protect it is understood by as many people as posible, particularly the students, who will be its future guardians. Today’s students will be tomorrow’s citizen: if they leave their own cities a little better than they found them, they will have fullfiled their duty to posterity. The challenge for us is to do our duty by them.
The final result will be the perfectly conserved historic monuments or sites that can be used as an educational setting for the general public and their own cultural identity with in the framework of local government, cultural properties, architects and institution academia.


Antariksa, 1999, Student Participation in Architectural Conservation: Using Educational Processes to Understand Cultural Heritage, Centre for Australian-Asia Studies Research Paper Heritage in Asia Series 99-1-H, Deakin University, pp. 1-32, ISBN: 0 7300 2509.

STUDY ON THE HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF RINZAI ZEN SECT BUDDHIST MONASTERIES IN KYÔTO

Antariksa
Lecturer Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering – Brawijaya University


ABSTRACT

In the middle of the 14th century, the Five Temples or Five Mountains (Gozan) of Rinzai Zen sect were developed rapidly in the city of Kyôto. The ranking system of officially sponsored by Zen Buddhist monasteries were created by the Kamakura and Muromachi government. The Gozan system originally included three monasteries in Kyôto and three in Kamakura, but immediately spread to five monasteries in several cities. While the two great monasteries, are not members of the Gozan group, which belonged to the Rinka group of Rinzai Zen sect temples. The system, which corresponds to a Chinese hierarchical model, was established in Japan during the Kamakura period.
The purpose of this study is to attempt to clarify the history and architecture of Rinzai Zen sect Buddhist monastery. The central functioning building of the Zen Buddhist monastery reflects the repetition, consistency, persistence, and order of the monastic ritual.

Keywords: Five Temple, Zen Buddhist, monastery, Rinzai Zen


Antariksa, 2000, Study on the History and Architecture of the Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Monasteries in Kyoto, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 28, No. 1, Juli, hlm, 44-53. ISSN: 0126-219X.

THE TYPES OF PLANS AND INTERIOR DESIGN AT MEMORIAL CLOISTERS OF DAITOKU-JI AND MYÔSHIN-JI TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE EDÔ PERIOD [1596~1868] (The Develop

Antariksa


Abstrak: Pada awal dari masa Edô [1596-1868], corak arsitektur dari elemen-elemen utama dan dekoratif pada bangunan utama (hondô, kyakuden, hojô) dari Vihara-Vihara (memorial cloisters) yang terdapat di kuil Daitoku-ji dan Myôshin-ji mengalami perubahan. Lebih jauh lagi, sebagai konsekwensinya, bangunan utama tersebut mengalami perkembangan dalam disain interiornya. Studi ini akan mencoba untuk menjelaskan perkembangan dan perubahan pada partisi pembatas, lantai, dan langit-langit, dari Vihara di kedua kuil tersebut, selama masa Edô . Sebagian besar dari langit-langit pada veranda bagian depan dari bangunan utama, yang dengan nama board ceiling (langit-langit yang tersusun dari papan kayu), muncul menjadi karakter corak arsitektur di akhir masa Edô.

Keywords: Edô Period, Partition Borders, Floor, and Ceiling


Antariksa is a Lecturer at Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineriing, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java.


Antariksa, 2000, The Types of Plans and Interior Design at Memorial Cloisters of Daitoku-ji and Myoshin-ji Temples in Kyoto, in the Edo Period [1596~1868] (The Development and Changes of the Partition Borders, Floor and Ceiling, Jurnal TEKNISIA, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Islam Indonesia, volume V Nomor 3 Desmber, hlm. 204-218. ISSN: 0853-8557.

STUDY OF THE hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) OF RINZAI ZEN SECT BUDDHIST TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE EARLY EDO PERIOD (1596~1681) The Development and Changes in t

Antariksa*)


ABSTRACT
In the early part of the Edô period, from Keichô 1 (1596) to Enpô 9 (1681) the number of Rinzai zen sect tacchûs (memorial cloisters) in Kyôto increased. The sanctuary and veranda of several memorial cloisters were reformed.
On the basis of restoration, the purposes of this study will attempt to clarify the developments and changes in the typical plans of memorial cloisters, during the early part of the Edô period. From the restoration plans, it is possible to deduce the reason for change and trace the various development.
Previously, the other studies has been conducted, as seen at references is form of the resultant reconstruction plans of sanctuary and veranda in the mid-Edô period, from Genroku 6 (1693) to Kansei 9 (1797), and in the late Edô period, from Bunka 4 (1807) to Kaei 7 (1854). The interrelated both of these studies is to know the development and changes of type of plans of sanctuary and veranda during the Edô period (1596~1868).
The development and change of the sanctuary appeared from the early Edô period until the mid-Edô period. The reason for this is a need to accommodate the placement of carved statues of the cloisters founders. Based on the arrangement of verandas, it is evident thet the placement of a 1 ken veranda at the left or right sides of a building was related to fixed of entrance hall and temple kitchen. Further more, most of the saya no ma encompass remnents of the 1 ken veranda. The reason for the change was to redifine the veranda’s function as a resting area during religious services.


*) Ir. Antariksa, MEng., PhD., lecturer at Department of Architecture, faculty of Enggineering Brawijaya University.


Antariksa, 2001, Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Early Edo Period (1596~1681), -The Development and Change in the Typical Plans of the Sanctuary and Veranda-, Media Teknik, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada, No. 1 Th. XXIII Edisi Februari, hlm. 3-14. ISSN: 0216-3012

Study on the Architecture of Zen Buddhist Temples Bracket Complexes (kumimono)

Antariksa
Department of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering Brawijaya University
E-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


Abstrak

Style baru yang masuk dari China, yang diberi nama Karayô (Chinese style) atau Zenshuyô (Zen style), mempunyai kedudukan yang sangat penting, tidak hanya pada masa Kamakura (1182~1333), akan tetapi, juga dalam keberhasilannya pada perkembangan arsitektur di Jepang pada waktu itu.
Sistem dari arsitektur bracket complex dari kuil-kuil sekte Zen ini, mempunyai keunikan tersendiri, dengan bentuk yang sangat sederhana tertata dibagian bawah atap. Skala dari bracket complex ini menjadi lebih kecil dan rumit dengan susunan yang berlipat-lipat ditata dalam sebuah space diletakkan di atas pilar-pilar.
Studi ini dimuali dengan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan yang didasarkan pada catatan-catatan sejarah, studi lapangan dan juga menggunakan beberapa referensi dari hasil penelitian. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan mengenai beberapa tipe arsitektur bracket complex dari kuil-kuil sekte Zen.
Arsitektur bracket complex dari Zen style ini mempunyai perbedaan bila dibandingkan dengan Japanese style (Wayô), baik dari susunan penataan maupun detailnya. Di samping itu, beberapa kuil dari sekte Zen telah menggunakan kedua style tersebut.

Abstract

The new Chinese style called Karayô had the most important position, not only in the Kamakura period (1182~1333) but also in the succeeding development of Japanese architecture. At the beginning this style developed independently with the erection of many temple of the Zen sect.
The bracketing complex system is quite unique, with plain brackets under the eaves of the lower roof and very complex brackets in the space between the upper and the lower roof. Bracket complexes became smaller in scale and more crowed by duplication of the bracket complexes within the space supported by pillars.
This study discuss about the various types of bracket complexes architecture of the Zen Buddhist temples.


Antariksa, 2001, Study on The Architecture of Zen Buddhist Temples Bracket Complexes (kumimono), Jurnal TEKNOLOGI (Journal of Technology) Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, Edisi No. 1, tahun XV Maret, hlm. 85-95. ISSN: 0215-1685.

SPACE IN JAPANESE ZEN BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE

Antariksa
Lecturer at Department of Architecture Faculty of Enggineering – Brawijaya University
antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


ABSTRACT
The beginning in the medieval period the ideas “emptiness” and “nothingness” in Buddhist doctrin influences over the Japanese.
Space in Japanese architecture (kukan), as empty place. This word originally stood for a “hole in the ground”, and in on present meaning of a “hole in the universe”, or “sky”. The ancient Japanese divided space vertically into parts, sora (sky) and ame or ama (heaven). In the concept of emptiness both of this above it can be said is a part of space.
This paper will tries to explain and discusses about the meaning of space in Japanese Zen Buddhist architecture.

Keywords: Zen Buddhist, space, Japanese, emptiness.


Antariksa, 2001, Space in Japanese Zen Buddhist Architecture, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 29, No. 1, Juli, hlm, 75-84. ISSN: 0126-219X.

STUDI ORNAMEN PADA KERATON SUMENEP MADURA

D. Ratnasari, R. Widiastutui, dan Antariksa
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

ABSTRAK
Budaya Madura memiliki karakteristik yang tidak dimiliki oleh budaya Jawa, seperti bahasa, bentuk hunian dan ornamen. Dalam perwujdannya ornamen mempunyai corak tersendiri tampak adanya pengaruh asing. Keraton Sumenep mempunyai khasanah dan warisan arsitektur yang cukup lengkap. Di samping itu, ornamen-ornamen di keraton memiliki filosofi yang mendalam dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam budaya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya, karakter dan filosofi dari ornamen-ornamen yang terdapat dan digunakan di keraton Sumenep.
Metode yang dugunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah historis deskriptif dengan mencari jawaban melalui penelusuran sejarah masa lalu. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan, studi lapangan dan interview.
Ornamen yang terdapat di keraton Sumenep dipengaruhi oleh budaya Cina, Eropa (Belanda) dan jawa, sedangkan pengaruh agama adalah Islam dan Hindu/Budha. Ragam hias yang digunakan adalah flora, fauna, alam dan kepercayaan serta simbol-simbol.
Kata kunci: ornamen, keraton Sumenep, kebudayaan

A STUDY OF SUMENEP KERATON CARVINGS AND DECORATIONS

ABSTRACT
Although Maduranese culture has foreign influences it has its own intrinsic characteristics and is different from that of Java, foreinstance, in its architecture and carvings. The Sumenep Keraton with its artistic treasures and Maduranese architecture is not only a fine example of most aspects of this but also a national heritage. In addition, the carvings are also important for their insights into the philosophy and culture of Madura Island in the past.
The aim of this study was to look into the influences of the culture, nature and philosophy that created these carvings and decoration found in Sumenep Keraton.
The methodology used was a historical descriptive design through research of old records, fields studies and interview.
The artisan, craftsmen and artists who made the decoration and carvings were to greater or lesser extent influenced by Dutch, Javanese and Chinese cultures as well as by Islam and Hinduism. Their subjects vary between flora, fauna, nature, religion and symbols.
Key words: ornamnet, keraton Sumenep, culture

D. Ratnasari, R. Widiastutik, Antariksa, 2002, Studi Ornamen pada Keraton Sumenep Madura, Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik (Engineering) Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 14 Nomor 1, hlm. 1-14. ISSN: 1410-4121.

STUDY ON THE PHILOSOPHY AND ARCHITECTURE OF ZEN BUDDHIS IN JAPAN On syncretism religion and monastery arrangement plan

Antariksa
Lecturer, Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University
e-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


ABSTRACT
Zen Buddhism was introduced to China in the six century. After going a long process in China, finally Zen came to japan in the thirteenth century brought by Japanese monks. A unique spiritual genius one of the greatest epoch-making events in the history of mankind, which in the course of time has come to enrich the human mind over many centuries.
During the process of spreading of Zen Buddhism there were influnces experienced by two Chinese great religions, Tao and Confucian. This study will discuss the philosophy and architecture aspects of the Zen monastery arrangement plan.
Zen Buddhism is syncretism from Taoism and Confucianism. The layout plan of the Zen monastery temple principally was placed on a single axis and facing south. The typical layout plan was borrowed from the architecture of the Chinese monastery.

Keywords: Zen Buddhism, syncretism, monastery, arrangement plan.


Antariksa, 2002, Study on The Philosophy and Architecture of Zen Buddhism in Japan, On syncretism religion and monastery arrangement plan, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 30, No. 1, Juli, hlm, 54-60. ISSN: 0126-219X.

THE TYPES OF PLANS AND INTERIOR DESIGN AT MEMORIAL CLOISTERS OF DAITOKU-JI AND DAITOKU-JI AND MYÔSHIN-JI TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE EDÔ PERIOD [1596~186

Antariksa


Abstrak: Pada awal dari masa Edô (1596~1868) keseluruhan desain dari gerbong (entrance hall) dan beranda (veranda) pada bangunan utama (hondô, kyakuden, hôjô) Vihara-Vihara (memorial cloisters) yang terdapat di kuil Daitoku-ji dan Myôshin-ji mengalami perkembangan dalam bentuk arsitekturnya. Studi ini, akan mencoba untuk menjelaskan perkembangan dan perubahan yang telah terjadi pada gerbang dan beranda dari Vihara-Vihara yang terdapat di kuil Daitoku-ji dan Myôshin-ji selama masa Edô. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengumpulkan data-data sejarah berupa naskah-naskah kuno dan denah bangunan dari masing-masing Vihara serta studi lapangan. Kemudian dilakukan penggambaran kembali (restorasi) untuk medapatkan interpretasi perubahan dan pengembangan yang terjadi pada waktu itu, dengan mengurutkan tahun dibangunnya Vihara tersebut. Hasil studi ditemukan posisi dari gerbang pada bangunan Vihara selalu dekat dengan dapur (kuri) dan jalan utama. Perkembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi pada beranda disebabkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah upacara ritual dan jumlah para pemuja.

Keywords: Edô period, Entrance Hall, and Veranda.

Antariksa is a lecture at Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java.


Antariksa, 2002, The Types of Plans and Interior Design at Memorial Cloisters of Daitoku-ji and Myoshin-ji Temples in Kyoto, in the Edo Period [1596~1868] –The Development and Changes of The Entrance Hall and Veranda–, Jurnal TEKNISIA Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Volume VIII Nomor 2, Agustus, hlm. 116–124. ISSN: 0853-8557.

SIMBOLISME BANGUNAN BERTIANG LIMA PADA ARSITEKTUR MUSLIM DI JAWA

Galih Widjil Pangarsa, Antariksa, dan Rusdi Tjahjono
Lab. Teori dan Sejarah Arsitektur, Jurusan Arsitektur fakultas Teknik
Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK
Penelitian interdisipliner ini terfokus untuk menjelaskan simbolisme bangunan bertiang lima pada arsitektur muslim Jawa. Ada tiga temuan utama, yaitu (1) Terdapat perenialisme antara bangunan bertiang lima masa Hindu-Budha dan masa Islam di Jawa. Dimaksudkan adalah kesamaan pandang kosmologi meta-empirik: dalam budaya muslim adalah pusat-tepi (manca-pat), sedangkan dalam dunia Hindu-Budha dikenal dengan vastu-purusha-mandala. (2) Kendati demikian persamaan ini tidak harus dilihat sebagai sinkretisme (budaya), namun dapat dimengerti dari pandangan ke-esa-tuhanan, yaitu bahwa manusia dicipta-bekali dengan kecerdikan fitriyah yang sama, yang mencuat pada berbagai budaya-peradaban fisik yang berlainan kerangka ruang-waktunya. (3) perenialisme ini dimanfaatkan oleh para muslim pendiri bangunan lima kolom, sebagai bagiam dari pembudayaan nilai-nilai keislaman lewat arsitektur.
Kata kunci: simbolisme, bangunan bertiang lima


ABSTRACT
This interdiciplinary research is focused to explain the symbolism of five pillared buildings on moslem-javanese architecture. There are three research foundings, i.e.: (1) A perennialism eccurred in both of javanese hindhu-budhism and moslem five pillared building. It means that the two cultures applied an equal perspective of meta-empirical cosmology: in javanese moslem world it was known as center-peripherical (manca-pat) structure, while in hindu-buddhaism it was called vastu-purusa-mandala. (2) Inspite of the equality, it has not to judge hustily as a (cultural) syncretism, but it has to understand by regarding from the univocality vision of God: human being is created-provided by a same “initial intellectuality” (fitrah) realizing in different spatio-temporal frames. (3) The moslem founders of the five columed buildings cashed in on the perennialism as a part of implantation of islamic values through architecture.
Key words: symbolism, five-pilared building

Galih Widjil Pangarsa, Antariksa, Rusdi Tjahjono, 2003, Simbolisme Bangunan Bertiang Lima pada Arsitektur Muslim di Jawa, Jurnal RUAS Jurusan Arsitektur dan Program Studi PWK Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Tahun I, Nomor 1, Juni, hlm. 3-10. ISSN: 1693-3702.

THE TYPES OF PLANS AND INTERIOR DESIGN AT MEMORIAL CLOISTERS OF DAITOKU-JI AND MYÔSHIN-JI TEMPLES IN KYÔTO, IN THE EDÔ PERIOD [1596~1868]–The Developm

Antariksa
Lecturer Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Brawijaya University
e-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


ABSTRACT
In the early Edô period the number of memorial cloisters (tacchû) increased, especially, at daitoku-ji and Myôshin-ji temples. As a consequence, the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) were further developed in all aspects of architectural style, interior design and plan.
This study will attempt to clarify the types of plans at memorial cloisters of both temples, by analyzing the arrangement and composition of the sanctuary, during the Edô period.
In that period, the requirement of the rooms was interlaced with thw function, and even dependent upon everyday life and the activities of religious services.

Keywords: Edô period, memorial cloister, sanctuary


Antariksa, 2003, The Types of Plans and Interior Design at Memorial Cloisters of Daitoku-ji and Myoshin-ji Temples in Kyoto, in the Edo Period [1596~1868] -The Development and Changes of the Sanctuary-, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 31, No. 2, Desember, hlm, 102-110. ISSN: 0126-219X.

STUDI PENATAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI KEMBANG JEPUN SURABAYA

Any Virgyani
Antariksa
Agus Dwi Wicaksono


Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conserve and provide an arrangement concept for Kembang Jepun area. As the center of trade and commercial district, this area remains to preserve some historic heritage. Unfortunately, the condition is far from being well maintened and has some undersired changes that lessen its image as a historic area. This study utilizes three methods: identification of building and environment conditions, evaluation on the factors affecting building and environment quality, and concept establishment for arrangement of building and environment conservation. The result shows that the building and environment condition discourage the establishment of area identity. The physical damages founded on buildings are caused by three main factors: government’s role, community’s role, and the building itself. The proposed conservation concept resulted from this study are preservation, conservation, gentrification, and demolition strategies, with keeping the existing environment condition and spatial characteristics as its concept for the\area arrangement.
Kata kunci: konservasi, penatan kawasan, kawasan bersejarah

Any Virgyani adalah alumni Prodi PWK FT Unibraw, Antariksa adalah dosen Jurusan Arsitektur FT Unibraw dan Agus Dwi Wicaksono adalah dosen Prodi PWK FT Unibraw Malang.


Any Virgyani, Antariksa, Agus Dwi Wicaksono, 2004, Studi Penataan Kawasan Konservasi Kembang Jepun Surabaya, Jurnal Teknologi, Kejuruan, dan Pengajaran, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Malang, Tahun ke-27 Nomor 1 Februari, hlm. 87-100. ISSN: 0852-0062.

STUDI PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN ALUN-ALUN KOTA SEMARANG

Wulandari, Antariksa, dan S. Hariyani
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

ABSTRAK
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sejarah perkembangan kawasan, dan menentukan konsep arahan pengembangan masa mendatang pada area Alun-alun Kota Semarang.
Studi ini menggunakan tiga metode, yaitu deskriptif, diakronik-sinkronik, dan evaluasi. Pengumpulan data lebih dititikberatkan pada data-data yang berasal dari survei sekunder, di antaranya sejarah dan perkembangan kawasan, sedangkan pengumpulan data yang lain dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan penyebaran kuesioner.
Hasil temuan dari studi ini adalah, keberadaan kawasan Alun-alun sangat berkaitan dengan dua kegiatan, yaitu sebagai pusat pemerintahan, dan penyebaran agama islam. Perkembangan selanjutnya, ditandai dengan adanya pengaruh bangunan-bangunan kolonial Belanda di kawasan tersebut. Struktur tata ruang kawasan pada masa pemerintah kolonial diterapkan konsep kota tradisional Jawa. Kemudian dalam perkembangannya, lebih ke arah pada kegiatan ekonomi. Untuk pengembangan kawasan yang akan datang, diperlukan konsep arahan pengembangan dalam bentuk penataan kawasan bersejarah dengan mempertahankan fungsi kawasan sebagai kawasan perdagangan.

Kata kunci: perkembanagn kawasan, Alun-alun, kawasan bersejarah


A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALUN-ALUN SEMARANG AREA

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to identify the historical development and to determine a guidance concept for the expectations development of Alun-alun Semarang.
This study used three methods as follows descriptions, diachronic-synchronic, and evaluation. The data collecting is focusing on secondary survey of historical development of the area, and an additional collecting data is used through field observation and questionnaires distribution.
The result of this study found that the reality area of Alun-alun is related with two activities, which are as center government and an Islamic proselytization. The continuation development of the area is noticeable with the influences of the Dutch colonial buildings. In the colonial era the structure of the area is utilize a traditional Javanese concept. Later in subsequent developments area the additional tendency is economic activities. For future development is require a decree concept within the outline of historical arrangement area and preserving the function as the commercial area.

Keywords: development area, Alun-alun, historical area


Wulandari, Antariksa, Hariyani, S. 2004. Studi Perkembangan Kawasan Alun-Alun Kota Semarang, Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik (Engineering), Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 16 Nomor 1, April, hlm. 1-12. ISSN: 1410-4121.

Thursday, July 19, 2007

PENDEKATAN SEJARAH DAN KONSERVASI PERKOTAAN SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN KOTA

Antariksa
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya. Indonesia
Jalan mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145
Telp. (0341) 567486; Fax. (0341) 551430
E-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


Abstraksi
Pendekatan dalam penataan kota yang dilakukan dewasa ini telah banyak menyimpang dan meninggalkan aspek kesejarahan dan pelestarian. Hal ini banyak terjadi hampir di beberapa kota di dunia, di mana latar belakang dari sejarah besar. Pembangunan dan penataan kota menjadi bagian dari modernisasi perkotaan tanpa memperhitungkan lagi aspek kultural masyarakat yang menghuninya.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan bahwa aspek sejarah dan konservasi perkotaan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam melakukan pendekatan dalam penataan sebuah kota. Dengan beberapa contoh tentang sejarah perkembangan kota, dan pelaksanaan pelestarian yang telah dilakukan dibeberapa kota, maka diharapkan pendekatan ini bisa memberikan jawaban untuk melakukan langkah awal dalam penataan kota di masa mendatang.


Antariksa, 2004. Pendekatan Sejarah dan Konservasi Perkotaan Sebagai Dasar Penataan Kota, Jurnal PlanNIT Jurusan Planologi, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Volume 2 No. 2 Desember, hlm. 98-112. ISSN: 1412-1347.

PELESTARIAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN BANGUNAN KUNO-BERSEJARAH DI KAWASAN JALAN GUNUNG-GUNUNG KOTA MALANG

Antariksa, Rusdi Tjahjono, dan Sigmawan Tri Pamungkas
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145
antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


Abstract:
In addition bringing the positive impact, the development can also construct a negative impact to the natural environment in spite of evolving culture and society itself. The development is disposed in give emphasis to the economic side apprehensive will be increasingly condemnation of historical buildings. The historical buildings in the area used of the street with mountains name are is a part of an ancient history which reflects societies of Malang city. If we pay close attention to historical buildings create sources for planning in the future which have identity, character or authenticity and appropriate with the environment.
Because of the above mention, the historical buildings in the street with mountains name are need to conserved and protected which consist of important meaning as a trip of historical-culture-architecture of a nation. Especially for cultivate a feeling proud of nationality along with a consciousness authenticity. The government of Malang city has the duty of protecting historical buildings in the street with mountains name are in order that the cultural heritage can be conserved.


Antariksa, Rusdi Tjahjono, dan Sigmawan Tri Pamungkas, 2004. Pelestarian dan Perlindungan Bangunan Kuno-Bersejarah di Kawasan Jalan Gunung-Gunung Kota Malang, Jurnal ASPI (Asosiasi Sekolah Perencana Indonesia), Volume 3 Nomor 2 April, hlm. 107-123. ISSN: 1412-2067.

PERMASALAHAN KONSERVASI DALAM ARSITEKTUR DAN PERKOTAAN

Antariksa1

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to extend an understanding about the urban conservation and architecture, and a number of problems, which must be facing in the realization by referring to various cases in other countries. It is essential, cause of consideration of conservation meaning which on the level of conception though field implementation still facing with the constraint and extensive problems. Thus, in making a definite on the future of historical area is require to recognize the history and architecture, and then the cultural meaning which in the form of aesthetic value, history, science or social value for the past, present, and future generation can be protecting. In order to the policy and strategy of conservation in architecture and urban, it can be carry out through cooperation with the local government, conservation observer, non government office, academic, entrepreneur, owner of historical building, and manager of cultural properties.

Key words: conservation, architecture, urban


Abstrak

Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai konservasi baik dari sisi arsitektur maupun perkotaan, dan beberapa masalah yang harus dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya dengan melihat beberapa kasus di negara lain. Hal ini diperlukan, karena pemahaman pengertian konservasi baik dalam tataran konsep maupun pelaksanaan di lapangan masih dihadapkan dengan kendala dan permasalahan yang begitu luas. Dengan demikian, dalam menentukan masa depan sebuah kawasan bersejarah perlu pemahaman historis dan arsitekturalnya, sehingga makna kultural yang berupa: nilai keindahan, sejarah, keilmuan, atau nilai sosial untuk generasi lampau, masa kini, dan masa mendatang akan dapat terpelihara. Agar kebijakan dan strategi konservasi dalam arsitektur dan perkotaan dapat dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya, maka perlu adanya kerjasama dengan pemerintah kota, pemerhati konservasi, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, akademisi, pengusaha, pemilik bangunan kuno-bersejarah, dan pengelola benda cagar budaya.

Kata kunci: konservasi, arsitektur, perkotaan

1 Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur dan Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya.


Antariksa, 2005. Permasalahan Konservasi Dalam Arsitektur dan Perkotaan, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi EMAS, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Vol. 15, No. 1, Februari, hlm. 64-78. ISSN: 0853-9723.

METODE DAN TEKNIK TRADISIONAL DALAM ARSITEKTUR JEPANG

Antariksa*

ABSTRAK
Perkembangan kuil-kuil Budhis memberikan banyak perpaduan unik pada proporsi dan ukuran dalam arsitektur bangunan di Jepang. Denah bangunan-bangunan kuil relatif sederhana yang disebabkan keterbatasan di dalam menentukan sistem struktur pada balok dan kolom (post and lintel). Pada perkembangannya metode dan teknik yang digunakan para tukang bangunan/tukang kayu memberikan sentuhan bagi perkembangan ukuran dan proporsi (kiwari). Kesempurnaan bentuk dari bangunan hampir pasti tepat, bila menggunakan metode kiwari (sistem proporsi) dan teknik kiku (teknik desain untuk bagian atap dan penempatan dari usuk) dalam desainnya. Di samping itu, pada bagian lantai bangunan, keseluruhan lantai tertutup dengan tatami, kolom diposisikan menurut dimensi dan aransemen dari tatami. Proporsi digunakan juga pada konstruksi dan ukuran dari tokonoma (ceruk di dalam ruangan utama untuk meletakkan gambar atau ornamen lain). Tokonoma, merupakan ciri penting dari bangunan rumah di jepang dengan konstruksi yang ditentukan oleh proporsi.

Kata kunci: metode, teknik, tradisional, arsitektur Jepang

ABSTRACT
Growths of Buddhist temple give many unique composition of the proportion and size in Japan architecture. Limitation in determining structure system at column and beam (lintel and post) caused plan of temple relative very simple. In its growth of used by technique and method all building worker/carpenters, give touch to size measure growth and proportion (kiwari). Perfection form of building most certainly precisely, if using kiwari method/proportion system and kiku technique that design part of roof and location of rafter in its. Despitefully, at part of building floor, overall of floor covered with tatami, position of column according to arrangement and dimension from tatami. Proportion used also at size measure and construction from tokonoma (nook in main room to put down other ornament or picture). Tokonoma, representing important characteristic from house building in japan will construction determined by stipulating of proportion.

Keywords: methods, technique, traditional. Japan architecture

*Antariksa adalah dosen Jurusan Arsitektur dan Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


Antariksa, 2005. Metode dan Teknik Tradisionil Dalam Arsitektur Jepang, MINTAKAT Jurnal Arsitektur, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Merdeka Malang, Volume 6 Nomer 1, Maret, hlm. 517-526. ISSN: 1411-7193.

STUDI KARAKTERISTIK POLA PERMUKIMAN DI KECAMATAN LABANG, MADURA

Ismu Rini Dwi Ari dan Antariksa
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145
antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id


Abstract
Development activity will bring a change toward the influenced area. The change will be driven to the positive according to the goal of the development itself, that is to raise the society welfare.
The aim of this research is to identify the characteristic of human settlement pattern in Kecamatan Labang, as an effort to complete data of human settlement in Madura.
Through field observation and descriptive analysis methods based on 5 ecistics elements, there are the result of this research: (i) Type A. Both shell unit and material building constant; (ii) type B. Shell unit costants and material building changes; (iii) Type C. Both shell unit and material building change.

Key words: 5 ecistics elements; human settlement transformation


Ismu Rini Dwi Ari dan Antariksa, 2005. Studi Karakteristik Pola Permukiman Di Kecamatan Labang Madura, Jurnal ASPI (Asosiasi Sekolah Perencana Indonesia), Volume 4 Nomor 2 April, hlm. 78-93. ISSN: 1412-2067.

PENGARUH KEGIATAN BERDAGANG TERHADAP POLA RUANG-DALAM BANGUNAN RUMAH-TOKO DI KAWASAN PECINAN KOTA MALANG

Aryanti Dewi
Alumnus Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Brawijaya

Antariksa dan San Soesanto
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Brawijaya
e-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id

ABSTRAK

Kawasan Pecinan sebagai kawasan perdagangan kota Malang, merupakan “pusat perkembangan” kota karena daerah tersebut merupakan daerah perdagangan yang ramai. Bangunan yang menjadi ciri khas di Pecinan merupakan gabungan bangunan dengan fungsi hunian dan perdagangan atau kemudian dikenal dengan sebutan rumah-toko (Shop house). Perencanaan bangunan rumah toko masyarakat Cina adalah rancangan rumah toko yang panjang dan sempit, tetapi sebenarnya paling tepat-guna dalam memanfaatkan lahan yang terbatas. Pada awalnya, fungsi rumah-toko masih seimbang antara fungsi hunian dan dagang, namun perkembangan zaman serta meningkatnya aktivitas berdagang daripada aktivitas berhuni, telah menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pola ruang dalam. Untuk mengetahui tentang perubahan tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian pola ruang dalam pada bangunan rumah-toko di kawasan Pasar Besar yang merupakan daerah Pecinan di Malang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk: 1) Melihat perubahan pola ruang-dalam yang terjadi pada bangunan rumah toko di Pecinan-Malang; 2) Mencari faktor-faktor kegiatan berdagang yang diduga menjadi penyebab terjadinya perubahan pola ruang dalam pada bangunan rumah toko di kawasan Pecinan-Malang. Hasil dari dua hal tersebut akan dirumuskan suatu tipe atau karakteristik perubahan yang terjadi pada bangunan rumah toko di Pecinan kota Malang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah, metode analisis kuantitatif. Dari keseluruhan proses penelitian diperolah hasil bahwa, karakteristik dari perubahan pola ruang-dalam bangunan rumah-toko di Malang, adalah perubahan dengan kategori sedang. Perubahan ini paling banyak terjadi pada ruang-ruang hunian yang digunakan untuk ruang-ruang dagang.

Kata kunci: Pecinan, rumah-toko, pola ruang, berhuni, berdagang.


ABSTRACT

“Pecinan” district as the commercial district in Malang, is the “growth-center” of the town. It because this place is commercial district which is very crowded. The building which becomes is distinctive feature in “Pecinan” is building which has combination function as dwelling and commercial, later it is known as shop-house. The building plan of shop house in Chinnese society is a long and narrow shop-house. However it is the most effective plan to exploit the areawhich is limited. At the beginning, the function of shop house still in balance both as dwelling and commerciak, within years and since commercial activities growing rapidly than dwelling activities, the chjanging in room patterns has been occured. To know about the changing, a recearch of shop-house’sroom pattern at Pasar Besarwhich is the part of “Pecinan”district was made. This research has some purposes; 1) To see the changing of shop-house’s room pattern at “Pecinan”-Malang, 2) To search the correlation between commercial activities aspect and the changing of shop-house’s room pattern at “Pecinan”-Malang. The result of two purposes is a type or changing characteristic that happened in shop-house at “Pecinan”. The analysis which has been used are quantitative methods. The conclution of this research is the changing’s characteristic of shop-hous’s room pattern is medium category. The changing most occur in dwelling room which has been used for commercial room. This change mostly happen in the dwelling’s room which are used to trade.

Keywords: “Pecinan”, shop-house, room pattern, dwelling, trading.


Aryanti Dewi, Antariksa, San Susanto, 2005, Pengaruh Kegiatan Berdagang Terhadap Pola Ruang-Dalam Rumah Toko di Kawasan Pecinan Kota Malang, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 33, No. 1, Juli, hlm, 17-26. ISSN: 0126-219X.

STUDI PELESTARIAN KAWASAN MASJID MENARA KUDUS KABUPATEN KUDUS JAWA TENGAH

A. B. Setyawan1), B. S. Waloeja2), dan Antariksa3)
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK

Kudus merupakan salah satu kota penting yang melanjutkan sinkretisme antara peradaban Hindu dan Islam ke dalam kompleks masjid dan makam. Namun citra tradisional religius kawasan Kudus semakin lama semakin pudar seiring bangunan-bangunan kunonya yang terancam punah. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik Kawasan Masjid Menara Kudus sebagai pusat kota Kudus kuno dan mengevaluasi penyebab kerusakan dan perubahan bangunan kuno di kawasan tersebut. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu masih bertahannya karakteristik kawasan tradisional religius di Kawasan Masjid Menara Kudus. Warisan budaya yang masih bertahan meliputi aspek fisik seperti bangunan kuno, dan aspek sosial seperti tradisi dandhangan dan buka luwur. Aspek sosial itu sendiri akhirnya juga mempengaruhi kondisi aspek fisik seperti unsur-unsur simbolis, pilihan orientasi rumah tinggal, dan sebagainya. Faktor-faktor yang mengancam pelestarian meliputi faktor sosial, faktor budaya, faktor fisik, dan faktor politik. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa Kawasan Masjid Menara Kudus layak untuk dilindungi dan dilestarikan.

Kata kunci: Kawasan Masjid Menara Kudus; kerusakan bangunan kuno; pelestarian


STUDY OF CONSERVATION OF KUDUS MINARET MOSQUE AREA
KUDUS REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

ABSTRACT

Kudus is one of important city continuing sincretism between Islam and Hindu culture into mausoleum and mosque complex. But the religious traditional image of Kudus area are going to be fade along the ancient buildings being disappeared threatened Goal of this study is to identify Kudus Minaret Mosque Area characteristics and evaluate ancient building change and damage cause in the area. The result of this research that is still hold out religious traditional area characteristic in Kudus Minaret Mosque Area. Culture Heritage which still hold out including physical aspect like ancient building, and the social aspect like tradition dandhangan and buka luwur. Social aspect itself finally also influence physical aspect condition like symbolic elements, building orient, etcetera. Factors menacing the conservation are covering social factor, cultural factor, physical factor, and the political factor. Pursuant to analysis had to be done, to be concluded that Kudus Minaret Mosque Area are need to protect and conserve.

Key Words: Kudus Minaret Mosque Area; damage of ancient building; conservation


Agus Budi Setyawan, Budi Sugiarto Waloejo, Antariksa, 2005. Studi Pelestarian Kawasan Masjid Menara Kudus Kabupaten Kudus Jawa Tengah, Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik (Engineering), Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 17 Nomor 2, Oktober, hlm. 227-241. ISSN: 1410-4121.

STUDI PERKEMBANGAN DAN PELESTARIAN KAWASAN KERATON KASUNANAN SURAKARTA

Nurul Sri Hardiyanti
Alumnus Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Antariksa
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur dan Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Septiana Hariyani
Staf Pengajar Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis perkembangan kawasan Keraton Surakarta dari tahun 1745 - 2004, serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala dilaksanakannya kegiatan pelestarian. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan dua jenis metode, yakni metode sinkronik-diakronik dan metode evaluatif. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan lebih menitikberatkan pada data-data yang diperoleh dari survei sekunder, yakni data-data tentang perkembangan kawasan, namun pengumpulan data lainnya diperoleh dengan survei primer, yakni dengan observasi lapangan, penyebaran kueisioner, dan wawancara. Adapun hasil temuan studi ini adalah terkait dengan perkembangan kawasan dari tahun 1745 – 2004 ditinjau dari variabel fisik, perkembangan kawasan ditinjau dari variabel politik, perkembangan kawasan ditinjau dari variabel ekonomi, perkembangan kawasan ditinjau dari variabel sosial, serta perkembangan kawasan ditinjau dari variabel budaya. Adapun faktor yang menjadi kendala dilaksanakannya kegiatan pelestarian di Kawasan Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta adalah faktor fisik, faktor politik, faktor ekonomi, dan faktor sosial.

Kata kunci: perkembangan, keraton, pelestarian


ABSTRACT
The aiming of this study is to identify and analyze the development square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, since 1745 up to 2004, then identifying and analyze factors that caused the problems to conserve the square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. The kind of this study is qualitative research that uses two methods; there are synchronic-diachronic method and evaluative method. Data gathering emphasize on data that originated from secondary survey, about the development of the square area, but other data gathering can be conducted through first survey, there are field observation, questionnaire, and interview. The result of this study showed that the development of this square area since 1745 up to 2004 in physics variable, the development of this square area in politics variable side, the development of this square area in economics variable side, the development of this square area in socials variable side, and the development of this square area in cultures variable side. There are four factors that caused the problems to conserved the square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, there factors are physics, politics, economics, and socials.

Key words: development, keraton, conservation


Nurul Sri Hardiyanti, Antariksa, Septiana Hariyani, 2005, Studi Perkembangan dan Pelestarian Kawasan Keraton Kasunannan Surakarta, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 33, No. 2, Desember, hlm, 112-124. ISSN: 0126-219X.

Wednesday, July 18, 2007

STUDI PELESTARIAN KAWASAN WISATA BUDAYA DI DUSUN SADE KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

Rini Krisna
Alumni Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145

Antariksa
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145
Telp. (0341) 567486; Fax. (0341) 567486
E-mail: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id

Ismu Rini Dwi Ari
Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Mayjen Haryono 167, Malang 65145



Abstraksi
Dusun Sade merupakan salah satu permukiman tradisional di Pulau Lombok yang dihuni oleh suku Sasak. Dusun ini memiliki karakteristik khas yang dibentuk oleh pola permukiman dan bangunan tradisionalnya serta beberapa tradisi masyarakatnya yang masih berlangsung hingga kini.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kawasan serta permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan pelestarian di Dusun Sade. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan eksploratif, diperoleh hasil bahwa pola permukiman dan bangunan serta tradisi masyarakat di Dusun Sade banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan yang pernah berkembang di Pulau Lombok, yaitu Islam Waktu Telu, sedangkan upaya pelestarian mengalami hambatan karena adanya perbedaan persepsi dan kepentingan di antara masyarakat penghuni kawasan.

Kata kunci : permukiman tradiosinal, budaya, pelestarian kawasan.


Rini Krisna, Antariksa, Ismu Rini Dwi Ari, 2005. Studi Pelestarian Kawasan Wisata Budaya di Dusun Sade Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Jurnal PlanNIT Jurusan Planologi Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Volume 3 No. 2 Desember, hlm. 124-133. ISSN: 1412-1347.

STUDI TINGKAT VITALITAS KEGIATAN PERDAGANGAN LAMA DI KAWASAN SEGI EMPAT TUNJUNGAN SURABAYA

Alinejihan Hadiahwati, Antariksa, dan Agus Dwi Wicaksono
Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


A B S T R A K
Kawasan Tunjungan yang merupakan salah satu kawasan pusat kegiatan komersial atau CBD (Central Business District) di Surabaya yang dilestarikan dan memiliki potensi wisata sejarah karena bernilai historis tinggi. Namun, ciri identitas Kawasan Tunjungan kini kian lama kian pudar sebagai salah satu kota lama Surabaya, adanya gejala-gejala penurunan vitalitas kawasan yang merupakan wajah Surabaya ‘Tempo Doeloe’ dari bangunan maupun lingkungannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka studi ini bertujuan (1) Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tingkat vitalitas kegiatan perdagangan lama dari aspek fungsi dan aspek fisik di kawasan Segiempat Tunjungan. (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat vitalitas kawasan Segiempat Tunjungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap (1) Aspek vitalitas secara fisik, yaitu kenyamanan, keamanan, kondisi penghijauan, kondisi jalur pejalan kaki, kondisi lokasi parkir, aksesibilitas, kondisi jalan (2) Aspek vitalitas secara fungsional kawasan perdagangan, yaitu omset perdagangan, modal dan aset usaha, kurun waktu kunjungan, lama waktu berkunjung, lama operasi kegiatan, jenis barang, harga barang, jumlah pengunjung (3) Aspek normatif atau kondisi sosial ekonomi pengguna kawasan perdagangan (4) Analisis Faktor.
Tingkat vitalitas dari aktifitas perdagangan lama di kawasan Segiempat Tunjungan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pedagang dan pengunjung, maka didapatkan hasil yang didasarkan oleh tiga kategori, yaitu rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Berdasarkan aspek fisik di kawasan studi, 77,1% tingkat vitalitas sedang dan 22,9% tingkat vitalitas baik-tinggi, sedangkan aspek fungsional, 47,1% tingkat vitalitas rendah, 47,1% tingkat vitalitas sedang, dan 8% tingkat vitalitas tinggi.
Hasil dari tingkat vitalitas kawasan perdagangan berkorelasi dengan hasil analisis faktor, melalui ekstraksi faktor dengan hasilnya, yaitu faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat vitalitas. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dari penilaian pedagang yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap vitalitas kawasan perdagangan studi terdiri atas lima faktor, yaitu faktor I (Aset usaha, modal usaha, omset perdagangan), faktor II (Kondisi bangunan, penghijauan, kondisi pejalan kaki, lama operasi kegiatan), faktor III (Keamanan dan kenyamanan). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dari penilaian pengunjung terdiri atas empat faktor, yaitu faktor I (Kurun waktu berkunjung, keamanan, kenyamanan, lokasi parkir), faktor II (Lama waktu berkunjung, pencapaian ke lokasi, jenis barang), faktor III (harga barang dan kondisi pejalan kaki)
Kata kunci: vitalitas fisik, vitalitas fungsional, kawasan perdagangan

A B S T R A C T
Tunjungan area is one of commercial centre of activities area or CBD (Central Business District) in Surabaya, which is preserving and it has potential historical tourism because of it is high historical value. But nowdays, the identity characteristic of Tunjungan area as one of old towns of Surabaya becoming fade. There is degradation symptom vitality of the building and the environment of the area which has been known as the face of Surabaya 'Tempo Doeloe'. Based on above problem, this study aim to (1) Identify and analyze old commercial activity vitality level of physical aspect aspect in Segiempat Tunjungan area. (2) Analyze factors having influence in Segiempat Tunjungan area vitality level. This research use descriptive method conducted to (1) the aspect of vitality, that is comfort, security, reboisation condition, pedestrian way condition, park condition, accessibility, traffic condition (2) the commercial area functional vitality aspect, that is commercial income, business capital and asset, range of time visit, the time length for a visit, the time length for operation,, kinds of merchandary, merchandises prices, visitor volume; (3) the spatial normative condition aspect or the social canonic aspect of commercial area of consumer of commerce; (4) Factor analysis.
Based on the interview with merchant and visitor, it can be concluded that the vitality level of old commercial activities in Segiempat Tunjungan area is divided into three categories, that is low, medium, and high. Based on the physical aspect in the study area, 77, 1% is medium, and 22, 9% is high, while in the functional aspect, 47, 1% is low, 47, 1% is medium, and 8% is high.
The result from level of vitality level of commercial area have correlation with the result of fact analysis through extraction of factors, and the result is those factors influence the vitality level. The influencing factors from the assessment of merchant which contributes to the study of commercial area vitality consist of five factors, that is: Factor I (business assest, bussines capital, commercial income), Factor II (building condition, reboisation, pedestrian way, the time length for operation), Factor III (security and comfortable). The influencing factors from assessment of visitor consist of four factor, that is: Factor I (range of time pay a visit, security, comfort, location of park), Factor II (the time length for a visit, accessibility, kinds of merchandises), Factor III (price of merchandises and pedestrian way).
Key words: functionally vitality, physical vitality, commerce area


Alinejihan Hadiahwati, Antariksa, dan Agus Dwi Wicaksono, 2005. Studi Tingkat Vitalitas Kegiatan Perdagangan Lama di Kawasan Segiempat Tunjungan Surabaya, Jurnal RUAS Jurusan Arsitektur dan Jurusan PWK Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 3, Nomor 2, Desember, hlm. 110-125. ISSN: 1693-3702.

STUDI PELESTARIAN BANGUNAN KUNO DI KAWASAN KAMPUNG KUNO PENELEH SURABAYA

Y. A. Artha, Antariksa, dan S. Hariyani
Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK

Diterima tanggal 3 November 2005, disetujui tanggal 7 Maret 2006

Surabaya seperti halnya dengan kota-kota yang lain, memiliki ciri khas tertentu yang dapat dijadikan identitas kota. Sebagai kota historis, Surabaya memiliki peninggalan baik berupa gedung-gedung yang bersifat kesejarahan, gedung-gedung yang dibangun pada masa revolusi, maupun kampung kuno yang merupakan peninggalan dari masa kerajaan Ujung Galuh. Salah satu kampung yang merupakan kawasan asli kota Surabaya adalah kawasan kampung Peneleh. Kawasan kampung Peneleh merupakan salah satu bagian sejarah kota Surabaya, karena di dalamnya memiliki peninggalan sejarah, seperti masjid kuno Peneleh, rumah kuno, kompleks makam kuno Belanda, makam Nyai Campa, makam Buyut Minggir, makam Buyut Dawa, makam Buyut Malang, dan makam Buyut Bening. Seiring dengan meningkatnya intensitas kegiatan komersial seperti perdagangan dan perkantoran, maka kawasan kampung kuno Peneleh semakin lama semakin terdesak oleh bangunan-bangunan baru yang lebih memiliki nilai ekonomis namun miskin identitas, bangunan tersebut dibangun tanpa mempertimbangkan karakter bangunan di sekitarnya, sehingga tampak asing dan tidak estetis, perubahan fisik yang dilakukan akibat pembangunan baru tanpa mempertahankan nilai sejarah yang dimiliki. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari pihak-pihak terkait seperti Dinas Bangunan, Dinas Tata Kota, Bappeko, dan BPN, serta dari penelitian sejenis yang berkaitan dengan pelestarian. Data primer yang digunakan diperoleh dari observasi langsung, wawancara, dan penyebaran kuisioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 86 bangunan kuno. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kawasan studi dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik bangunan di kawasan studi. Hasil dari studi ini berupa (1) Karakteristik kawasan kampung kuno Peneleh meliputi karakter ruang luar, pola penggunaan lahan, dan pola penataan kampung. (2) Karakteristik bangunan kuno di kawasan kampung kuno Peneleh meliputi usia bangunan, fungsi bangunan, status kepemilikan bangunan, KDB, KLB, Keterawatan, dan perubahan fisik bangunan.

Kata kunci: pelestarian, kampung kuno

STUDY ON PRESERVATION OF ANCIENT BUILDINGS IN THE AREA
OF ANCIENT KAMPONG PENELEH SURABAYA

ABSTRACT

Surabaya, as well as other cities in our country, has special characteristic that can be used as a city’s identity. As a historical city, Surabaya has inheritances both in the form of historical building, building of revolution era, and ancient kampong that is inheritance of Ujung Galuh Kingdom. One of kampong that constitutes an original kampong in Surabaya City is the area of ancient Peneleh kampong. The region of Peneleh kampong is part of the history of Surabaya city, because the kampong has historical inheritances, such as Peneleh Ancient Mosque, Ancient House, Dutch Ancient Funeral Center, Funeral of Nyai Campa,, Funeral of Buyut Minggir, Funeral of Buyut Dawa, Funeral of Buyut Malang, and Funeral of Buyut Bening. In accompanying to the increasing of intensity of commercial activities as trading and office, the area of ancient kampong of Peneleh is more threaten by new buildings in around of them that have more economic values but lack of identity. The new buildings are build without considering the character of building surrounds, so that they look so strange and unaesthetic, physical changes because of the new buildings do not consider about how to conserve the historical values possessed. The objectives of this study are to identify the characteristic of the area and ancient buildings of kampong Peneleh Surabaya. Data used are secondary data taken from related agencies such as Building Agency, City Planning Agency, Bappeko, and BPN, and from similar research related to the preservation. Primary data used in this research are taking from direct observation, interview, and questionnaires with total of samples are 86 of ancient buildings. Analysis method, which used in this research, is descriptive analysis to describe of the region and ancient building in kampong Peneleh. Results of the research are (1) Descriptive of the region of ancient kampong Peneleh include describe of landscape, land utilization, and kampong arrangement (2) Descriptive of ancient building in the area of ancient kampong Paneleh include building age, building function, building possession status, KDB, KLB, treating, and building physical change.

Key words: preservation, ancient kampong


Y.A. Artha, Antariksa, S. Hariyani, 2006. Studi Pelestarian Bangunan Kuno di Kawasan Kampung Kuno Peneleh Surabaya, Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik (Engineering), Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Brwijaya, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April, hlm. 86-94. ISSN: 1410-4121.

STUDI PELESTARIAN KAWASAN AMPEL KOTA SURABAYA

I. Rakhmawati* , Antariksa** , dan I.R. Dwi Ari***


ABSTRAK

Kawasan Ampel adalah salah satu dari tiga sub kawasan (Kawasan Kembang Jepun dan Kawasan Jembatan Merah); yang membentuk Kawasan Kota Lama Surabaya. Sejak jaman pra Kolonial Belanda (Abad XV), Kawasan Ampel identik dengan budaya Arab (Islam) yang dikenal berkat adanya Masjid Agung Ampel. Kawasan Ampel dibatasi oleh tiga koridor, yaitu Koridor KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan, dan Danakarya. Ketiga koridor tersebut merupakan koridor utama di Kawasan Ampel bersama dengan Koridor Sasak. Keempat koridor tersebut merupakan akses utama menuju dan keluar dari Komplek Masjid Agung Ampel dan Koridor Sasak merupakan akses utama menuju komplek Masjid Agung Ampel dari arah Selatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh Lilananda, disebutkan bahwa di sepanjang koridor yang membatasi Kawasan Ampel (Koridor KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan, dan Danakarya) tumbuh berbagai gaya arsitektur yang tidak hanya menampilkan gaya arsitektur Timur Tengah (Arab) tetapi juga Kolonial (Eropa), Cina, dan Tradisional. Hal yang sama juga ditemukan di sepanjang Koridor Sasak yang “membelah” Kawasan Ampel di bagian Selatan.
Bangunan–bangunan kuno di koridor utama Kawasan Ampel dengan keragaman gaya arsitekturnya tersebut tidak seluruhnya berada dalam keadaan layak atau terawat. Kondisi demikian juga terjadi pada beberapa bangunan kuno yang termasuk benda cagar budaya yang dilindungi. Seiring dengan telah dilaksanakannya Revitalisasi Kawasan Ampel yang berorientasi pada aspek wisata maka bangunan–bangunan di koridor utama Kawasan Ampel menghadapi dua kemungkinan. Pertama, bangunan–bangunan tersebut dipandang sebagai asset berharga karena kehadirannya dapat memperkuat image Kawasan Ampel sebagai kota tua melalui view yang diciptakan ketika pengunjung mulai masuk ke Kawasan Ampel. Kedua, eksistensi bangunan kuno yang ada semakin terancam karena adanya pengubahan bentuk dan gaya bangunan menjadi modern karena ditujukan untuk lebih menarik perhatian pengunjung yang datang ke Kawasan Ampel. Hal inilah yang terjadi pada bangunan kuno di koridor utama Kawasan Ampel yang lebih dari 50 % nya berupa toko dan ruko.

Kata Kunci: pelestarian, koridor, bangunan kuno


ABSTRACT

Ampel area is one of three sub areas (Kembang Jepun and Jembatan Merah areas) that forming old Surabaya city area. Since Pre Dutch Colonial (Century of XV), Ampel area is identical with Arabic culture (Islam) that well known with the existence of Ampel Agung Mosque. Ampel area is bordered by three corridors that are KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan and Sasak Corridors. The three corridors are the main corridors in Ampel area together with Sasak corridor. The four corridors are the main access toward and outward from Ampel Agung Mosque Complex and Sasak corridor constitutes the main access toward Ampel Agung Mosque from south direction. Based on previous study conducted by Lilananda, it is said that in along corridors that border Ampel area (corridor of KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan, and Danakarya) grow various architecture styles that not only performing Middle East style (Arab) but also Colonial style (Europe), China, and Traditional. The same feature is also found in along Sasak Corridor that split Ampel Area in south part.
The ancient buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area and its various architecture styles are not in proper and cared condition. The similar condition is also found in many ancient buildings that considered as culture preserves protected. Along with the enforcing of Ampel area revitalization orienting on tourism aspect makes buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area face two possibilities. First, the buildings are regarded as worthy asset because their existence can reinforce Ampel Area image as an old city view when visitors come to the Ampel area. Second, the existence of the ancient buildings will be more threatening with the alteration of building form and style to modern style aiming to be more attracting visitors coming to Ampel area. The later happened in the ancient buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area with more than 50% are shops and shop houses.

Key Words: conservation, corridor, ancient building


*Indah Rakhmawati, Alumni Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota fakultas teknik Universitas Brawijaya
**Ir. Antariksa, MEng., PhD, Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
***Ir. Ismu Rini Dwi Ari, MT, Dosen Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


Indah Rakhmawati, Antariksa, Ismu Rini Dwi Ari, 2006. Studi Pelestarian Kawasan Ampel Kota Surabaya, JURNAL TEKNIK Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume XIII, No. 2, Agustus, hlm. 115-127. ISSN: 0854-2139.

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE IN THE PLANS OF SANCTUARY AND VERANDA OF THE ABBOT’S QUARTER (hôjô) OF RINZAI ZEN SECT BUDDHIST MONASTERY IN KYOTO

Antariksa
Lecturer at Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Brawijaya University
Email: antariksa@brawijaya.ac.id



ABSTRACT
This study began through a collection of materials based on Kyôtofu no kinsei shaji kinkyû chôsa hôkokusho (Survey reports on Edô period temples and shrines in Kyôto prefecture), Jûyô bunkazai shûri kôji hôkokusho (Repair and reconstruction reports on the important cultural properties), other historical records, and field research.
In accordance with the selected abbot’s quarters, this study will classify the development and change in the plans, sanctuary, veranda and interior design of the abbot’s quarters (hôjô). This will be done based on restoration plans. From the restoration plans, it is possible to deduce the reason for change and trace the various developments.
There were several forms of sanctuary in around Bunmei 19 [1487] up to Bunka 14 [1819]. The forms are as follows: first, where the front of sanctuary is extended out by 1 ken to set the Buddhist altar. Second, the Buddhist altar is set at the rear side of the innermost sanctuary. Finally, the sanctuary is arranged freely without Buddhist altar.

Key words: development and change, abbot’s quarter, Rinzai Zen sect, Buddhist monastery


Antariksa, 2006. Study on the Development and Change in the Plans of Sanctuary and Veranda of the Abbot’s Quarter (hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Monastery in Kyoto, Jurnal RUAS Jurusan Arsitektur dan Jurusan PWK Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 4, Nomor 1, Juni, hlm. 64-71. ISSN: 1693-3702.

ARSITEKTUR BANGUNAN RUMAH TEUKU SABI SILANG DI BLANG KRUENG ACEH DARUSSALAM PASCA GEMPA DAN TSUNAMI

Antariksa*


Abstrak
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi umum bangunan pasca gempa dan tsunami. Kemudian setelah melihat kondisi bangunan, bagaimana langkah yang perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi dan mempertahankan bangunan rumah Teuku Sabi Silang.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi lapangan dengan melihat dan mengevaluasi bangunan. Di samping itu, penelusurun sejarah kepemilikan bangunan juga dilakukan melalui wawancar untuk menentukan usia bangunan dan kapan bangunan tersebut didirikan.
Hasil observasi dari kerusakan bangunan rumah Teuku Sabi Silang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut, yaitu rusak akibat gempa, rusak akibat gelombang tsunami, dan rusak akibat dimakan rayap. Diketemukan beberapa teknik tradisional dalam struktur dan konstruksi bangunan rumah Teuku Sabi Silang.

Kata kunci: arsitektur, bangunan rumah, gempa dan tsunami.


Abstract
The aim of this study is to know how the entire condition of the building after the earth quacke and tsunami. Then after, observe the building condition, and how to take proper which is needed to carry out for protecting and preserving the house of Teuku Sabi Silang.
Method used in this study is field observation with observing and evaluate the building. Apart from that, exploration of building ownership is also conducted with pass through interview for find out the building history and to make convinced the age of building erection.
The observation founds that the building damage of the house of Teuku Sabi Silang can be clasified as follows damage cause of eart quacke, damage cause of tsunami, and damage cause of insects. This study founds some traditional technique in structur and construction building of the house of Teuku Sabi Silang.

Key words: architecture, building house, earth quake and tsunami


* Ir Antariksa, MEng., PhD, Dosen Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


Antariksa, 2006. Arsitektur Bangunan Rumah Teuku Sabi Silang di Blang Krueng, Aceh Darussalam Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami, JURNAL TEKNIK, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume XIII No.3, Desember. hlm. 188-201. ISSN: 1410-4121.

PELESTARIAN KAWASAN KAMPUNG BATIK LAWEYAN

Andri Satrio Pratomo
Alumnus Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

Antariksa
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

Septiana Hariyani
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik Kawasan Kampung Batik Laweyan yang terdiri dari karakteristik fisik (meliputi pola penggunaan lahan dan kondisi bangunan) dan karakteristik non fisik (meliputi aspek sosial budaya ekonomi masyarakat kawasan Kampung Laweyan), serta menentukan bangunan kuno yang potensial dilestarikan berdasarkan makna kultural. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kawasan Kampung Batik Laweyan yang terdiri dari karakteristik fisik (meliputi pola penggunaan lahan dan kondisi bangunan) dan karakteristik non fisik (meliputi aspek sosial budaya ekonomi masyarakat kawasan Kampung Laweyan); analisis pembobotan dengan metode skoring untuk menentukan bangunan kuno yang potensial dilestarikan berdasarkan delapan kriteria makna kultural (estetika, kejamakan, kelangkaan, keluarbiasaan, peranan sejarah, keaslian bangunan, keterawatan, dan memperkuat citra kawasan) di kawasan Kampung Batik Laweyan. Peruntukan lahan kawasan Kampung Laweyan saat ini didominasi oleh fungsi permukiman, komersial dan kegiatan industri batik adalah tergolong peruntukan campuran atau mix use. Bangunan kuno yang potensial dilestarikan dengan nilai makna kultural di atas atau sama dengan 14,45 adalah sebanyak 35 bangunan yang tersebar pada kawasan Kampung Laweyan. Berdasarkan penilaian kriteria-kriteria makna kultural yang telah dilakukan dengan metode pembobotan, maka dapat diketahui bahwa dari 80 bangunan yang diteliti terdapat 19 bangunan yang memiliki tingkat potensial tinggi untuk dilestarikan (preservasi), 16 bangunan yang memiliki tingkat potensial sedang (konservasi), dan 45 bangunan yang memiliki tingkat kurang potensial untuk dilestarikan (rehabilitasi/restorasi).
Kata kunci: pelestarian, kawasan kampung, Laweyan.


ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristic of Kampung Batik Laweyan which consist from physical characteristic (land use pattern and building condition), and non physical characteristic (social, culture, economic aspect community area of Kampung Laweyan), along with determine the ancient building which potential to be conserve based on cultural meaning. The method of this study is descriptive used for identify characteristic area of Kampung Batik Laweyan which consist of physical characteristic and non physical characteristic; and analysis quality with scoring method to determine ancient building which potential to be conserve based on eight criteria of cultural meaning (aesthetics, plurality, peculiarity, historical role, building authenticity, treatment, strengthen an image area) in the area of Kampung Batik Laweyan. The allotment of land area of Kampung Laweyan dominated by function of settlement, commercial and batik industrial activity is classified the allotment of mix use. Ancient building which potential preserved with cultural meaning value or the same with 14.45 is amounting to 35 buildings spread in the area of Kampung Batik Laweyan. Based on criteria value of cultural meaning which already carry out with ranking method, then can be found out that of 80 buildings which examine exist 19 buildings have high potential level to preserved, 16 buildings have medium potential level to conserved, and 45 buildings have less potential level to rehabilitate or restoration.

Keywords: preservation, area of village, Laweyan.


Andri Satrio Pratomo, Antariksa, Septiana Hariyani, 2006. Pelestarian Kawasan Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta, Jurnal Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 34, No. 2, Desember, hlm, 93-105. ISSN: 0126-219X.

Tuesday, July 17, 2007

FENOMENA PINTU BUTULAN DI KAMPUNG CANDI PANGGUNG KOTA MALANG

Rinawati P Handajani, Antariksa, T. Nirarta Samadhi
Program Pascasarjana, Minat Arsitektur Lingkungan Binaan,
Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Universitas Brawijaya


ABSTRAK
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keberadaan pintu butulan sebagai salah satu karakteristik bermukim di Kampung Candi Panggung (Malang, Jawa Timur) faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan pintu butulan, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberadaan pintu butulan, guna dapat mengungkapkan nilai-nilai yang melatarbelakangi keberadaan pintu butulan di Kampung Candi Panggung. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode jejak fisik dan naturalistik fenomenologi. Metode penentuan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling, dengan pengumpulan data lebih kepada survei primer, yaitu wawancara, observasi lapangan dan juga kuisioner.
Hasil studi didapat beberapa temuan, bahwa bagaimanapun posisi dan kondisi rumah, selama tidak ada permasalahan, perubahan fungsi atau kepemilikan, penghuninya berupaya untuk tetap menjalin kebersamaan dan komunikasi di antara warga, baik berstatus kerabat atapun tetangga dekat. Sarana yang digunakan untuk mencapai kebersamaan tersebut antara lain adalah keberadaan pintu butulan. Sejalan dengan perkembangan jaman dan perubahan sosial-budaya yang menyertainya pintu butulan juga mengalami perubahan.
Perubahan pintu butulan, bisa berupa pengurangan, atau penambahan keberadaan pintu butulan. Pengurangan lebih dikarenakan perubahan kepemilikan, perubahan fungsi rumah atau adanya permasalahan sosial di antara mereka. Penambahan dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari proses afinitas (affinity process), juga penambahan generasi. Hakekat hubungan antara manusia dengan sesamanya yang berlaku di masyarakat Kampung Candi Panggung adalah, mereka cenderung mempunyai orientasi kearah horisontal (kolateral). Ditunjang bentuk keluarga yang uxorilokal, sehingga rasa ketergantungannya terhadap sesama berakar cukup kuat, jiwa gotong royongannya juga sangat kuat. Untuk menjalin kebersamaan tersebut, salah satu elemen pemersatu dan elemen komunikasi di Kampung Candi Panggung ini adalah pintu butulan.
Kata kunci: kampung tradisional, karakteristik bermukim, pintu butulan

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to identify and analyse the aspects of pintu butulan (or literally ‘walk-through door’ or ‘adjoining door’) as one of the dwelling characteristics in Kampung Candi Panggung. Those activities will resulting in factors that caused the changes in pintu butulan and influenced its existence, in order to bring forward the values that related pintu butulan existence in Kampung Candi Panggung (Malang, East Java). The reasearch employed qualitative approach with Physical Tracing Method and Naturalistic Phenomenology. The sampling technique was a purposive one, and using interview, outdoor observation and questionairre as data gathering methods.
Among the findings of the reseach, was that whateve rthe condition and position of the house is, as long as there is no social problem, changes of house function or house ownership amongst the dwellers, they will maintain communications and togetherness, booth as relatives or neighbours. One of many means to achieve such a bond between dweller is pintu butulan. As time goes by, social-cultural changes are coming along, and so does pintu butulan. It is also goes through changes and continuities.
Changes in pintu butulan, can be found in the termination or addition of its existence. Termination is caused by the change of house ownership, change of house function or the occurance of social conflict among them. Addition is caused by affinity process, also addition of generation. The heart of human relationship in Kampung Candi Panggung is that they tend to have collateral orientation. Coupled with the family structure that is uxorilokal in nature, has made their interdependence, bond and solidarity really strong and tight. The important aspect to facilitate that condition and also an effective means of communication in Kampung Candi Panggung is pintu butulan.
Keywords: traditional settlement, dwelling characteristics, pintu butulan.


Rinawati P. Handajani, Antariksa, T. Nirarta Samadhi, 2006. Fenomena Pintu Butulan di Kampung Candi Panggung Kota Malang, Jurnal RUAS Jurusan Arsitektur dan Jurusan PWK Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 4, Nomor 2, Desember, hlm. 102-117. ISSN: 1693-3702.

PELESTARIAN KAWASAN PUSAT KOTA PASURUAN

Karolina Verawati Wulandari1 , Antariksa2 , Ismu Rini Dwi Ari3


ABSTRAK
Permasalahan yang dihadapi Kota Pasuruan saat ini, adalah bangunan kuno dalam keadaan tidak terawat bahkan ada yang mengalami pembongkaran, dan alun-alun menjadi area perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari dan mengidentifikasi informasi faktual mengenai potensi dan permasalahan pelestarian kawasan untuk dievaluasi dan menarik kesimpulan, dengan dengan mengunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis perubahan kawasan pusat Kota Pasuruan adalah historis deskriptif , cross tabulation, dan evaluatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan citra kawasan masih terlihat, masing-masing zona memiliki pengelompokan arsitektur, perlu adanya perda pelestarian, dan secara umum masyarakat mendukung pelestarian.
Kata kunci: pelestarian kawasan, pusat kota


ABSTRACT
The set of problems which be up aligned with city of Pasurusn at the present time is the condition of ancient building not treated additionally be experienced clearance of buildings, and alun-alun became commercial area.The aim of this research is to find and identify factual information about potential and problems of preservation area to draw conclusions, with used qualitative and quantitative analysis. Methods used in analysis for change of the center area of Pasuruan are historical description, cross tabulation, and evaluation.The result of this research shows the image of area still observe, each zone have architectural clustering, need to existence and conservation requirements policy, and generally the citizen provide their participation for conservation.
Keywords: conservation area, center of area

1 Alumnus Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
2 Dosen Tetap Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
3 Dosen Tetap Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

Karolina Verawati Wulandari, Antariksa, Ismu Rini Dwi Ari, 2007. Pelestarian Kawasan Pusat Kota Pasuruan, Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Desain dan Teknik Perencanaan, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Vol 4, No. 1, Januari, hlm. 48-69. ISSN: 1693-6825.